PHYTOPHAGOUS insects use chemical cues emanating from plants to orient to their food hosts while plants ward off herbivory again through use of chemicals. Totapuri orchard of IIHR, Bangalore (12° 58’N; 77°35’E). Helium was used as carrier gas with the flow rate of 1 ml-min. (2009), Signal signature of above ground induced resistance upon below ground herbivory in maize, Zhao LY, Chen JL, Cheng DF, Sun JR, Liu Y, Tian Z (2009), Biochemical and molecular characterizations of, Bruinsma M, Van Dam NM, Van Loon JJA, Dicke M (2007), Induced resistance in groundnut by jasmonic acid and salicylic acid through alteration of trichome density and oviposition by, Fine-tuning plant defence signalling: Salicylate versus jasmonate, Postharvest salicylic acid treatment reduces chilling injury of ‘Taify’ cactus pear fruit during cold storage, Ryals JA, Neuenschwander UH, Willits MG, Molina A, Steiner HY, et al. The reaction mixture consisted of 2.9 mL of 0.1 M sodium phosphate buffer (pH 6.8), 0.1 mL of enzyme source and 0.1 mL of substrate (0.05 M catechol). %PDF-1.5
•Mango is produced in as over 50,550 Ha where a total of 705,195 Metric tons, valued at Kshs11.71 billion was produced in 2017. The untreated control fruit received the highest number of punctures. %µµµµ
Furthermore, host recognition depends on blends or ratios of volatiles emitted rather than the presence or absence of individual compounds [54]. Biochemical resistance of citrus to fruit flies. The extract was centrifuged at 10000g for 10 min at 4°C. In Kenya, over 80% of mango production is carried out by smallholders who produce this crop for both the domestic and the export markets. Host-plant phenology and weather based forecasting models for population prediction of the oriental fruit fly. The occurrence of fruit flies including Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel is the most important factor hampering the production of the crop in Africa in general and Mozambique in particular (Ekesi et al. *Significantly different from SA treated and control arms; n.s. Among the elicitors listed above, SA is well studied in non-woody plants for its role in regulating plant defense and in triggering ‘systemic acquired resistance’ (SAR) [14–19]. (eds. [46]. Gravid females (15-days old) were used for all behavioral assays. Our results showed reduction in oviposition by B. dorsalis in SA treated fruit as the number of punctures and eggs were significantly reduced compared to untreated fruit. (2014a), Specific volatile compounds from mango elicit oviposition in gravid, Electroantennographic bioassay as a screening tool for host plant volatiles, Schmelz EA, Carroll MJ, LeClere S, Phipps SM, Meredith J, Chourey PS, et al. In the present study, the decline in catalase activity and its associated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation would have been further affected the B. dorsalis larval growth in SA treated fruit endorsing previous studies that report post SA treatment enhancement in antioxidative defense systems [69], and the inhibition of catalase activity in tobacco plant, and cherry fruit [70,71]. The ion trap, transfer line and ion source temperatures were maintained at 200°C, 240°C and 210°C respectively. The damage from this pest is caused by the larvae that bore inside the fruits. endobj
For each treatment, the SA treated fruit along with a control mango fruit (n = 6) were placed into oviposition cages (0.62m length x 0.62m wide x 0.62m height). In this study, we investigated the effect of salicylic acid (SA) treatment of mango fruit (cv. <>
The absorbance was measured spectrophotometrically at 510 nm and expressed as catechin equivalents. Greany PD, McDonlad RE, Shaw PE, Schroeder WJ, Howard DF, Hatton TT, et al. Studies have demonstrated that insects use precise ratios of volatiles for host location [2,4]. The supernatant was used as the enzyme source for the determination of activity. = non-significant]. stream
(a) punctures (b) Eggs per puncture. 1 0 obj
Previous studies involving … Total phenols present in methanol extracts were estimated by Folin-Ciocalteu method [45]. Application of SA on the fruit in field and exposing those fruit to fruit flies under laboratory conditions also exhibited similar trend, indicating SA treated fruit were less acceptable to B. dorsalis. Fruit were exposed to gravid females and placed on fine sterilized sand to allow pupation [40]. The experiments were conducted at ambient room temperature (27 ± 1°C). The total phenol and flavonoid levels were increased in the 2mM SA treated fruit when compared to the control fruit (unpaired t test, t = 7.38, df = 4, P = 0.0009 [phenols], t = 24.92, df = 4, P = 0.0001 [flavonoids]). [¬÷ÿu~ðZÇr¨d9dE&ô. The ePub format uses eBook readers, which have several "ease of reading" features Mango (Mangifera indica) is a woody plant of high economic importance. Emerged flies were maintained in wooden nylon-screened holding cages (30×30×30 cm2) and provided with yeast, sugar and moistened cotton swabs ad libitum. In addition to its direct damage to fruits, the high quarantine status of the pest restricts the export of fruits and limits … The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), is a very destructive pest of fruit in areas where it occurs. Error bars = Standard error of mean. ACCePTeD: June 4, 2017. Upon maturity, fruit were randomly collected (n = 8) and brought to the laboratory for oviposition assays. For this bioassay, SA treated and untreated fruit were placed in plastic containers with sterilized sand. (1987). Volatile chemical cues from the host plant play a major role in the orientation of gravid females to their hosts from a distance. Volatiles were collected on Porapak Q (50 mg, 60/80 mesh; Supelco, Sigma Aldrich, St Louis, USA) placed in a glass tube (5 mm dia) inserted into the collection ports on the top of the vessels. Received 2014 Sep 4; Accepted 2015 Sep 9. Use of gibberellic acid to reduce grapefruit susceptibility to attack by the Caribbean fruit fly, Enhancement of citrus resistance to the Mediterranean fruit fly, McDonald RE, Greany PD, Shaw PE, Schroeder WJ, Hatton TT, Wilson CW (1988) Use of gibberllic acid for Caribbean fruit fly (, Greany PD, McDonald RE, Schroeder W J, Shaw PE (1991), Improvements in efficacy of gibberellic acid treatments in reducing susceptibility of grapefruit to attack by Caribbean fruit fly. Similarly the total flavonoids content also differed significantly between treated (t = 24.92, df = 4, P = 0.0001) and untreated fruit (Fig 7b). Finding a suitable host for oviposition is crucial to all phytophagous insects [51] and olfaction plays an important role in enabling the host plants recognition [52, 53]. It also modifies the characteristic plant volatile compositions [16–19] and enhances growth and vigor of plants [21, 22]. It reproduces quicker than Ceratitis capitata and C. rosa 9 . Further, GA3 application was found to offer viable means for reducing grapefruit susceptibility to A. suspensa in the field by reducing fruit attractiveness, ovipositional acceptability and physiological suitability for larval development by delaying peel senescence (37–39). Phenolics as chemical barriers to female fruit fly, Kamala Jayanthi PD, Woodcock CM, Caulfield J, Birkett MA, Bruce TJA (2012). Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) ... B. dorsalis on mango. Catalase activity [48] was determined with minute modifications by adding 0.1 mL of crude enzyme to 2.9 mL of 40mM H2O2 (dissolved with 50mM sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.0) as a substrate. The time spent and number of entries, significantly differed between untreated to treated fruit. After 1 min, 2 mL of 1M NaOH was added and diluted to 10 mL with double distilled water and mixed thoroughly. Observations on the time spent and number of entries into each arm were recorded using Olfa software (F. Nazzi, Udine, Italy). It is thought to be an introduced species in Yunnan Province, China, where it causes severe damage. Thus perception of right mix of these volatile blends plays a pivotal role in host recognition and determines the probability of phytophagous insect alighting on a given host [54]. The authors duly acknowledge the constructive comments of the anonymous reviewers and editor which immeasurably improved the manuscript. Additionally, the effect of SA is well studied in herbaceous plants, but, studies on the effect of SA on woody plants are meager. The test samples (10 μl) were applied to a filter paper and the solvent was allowed to evaporate prior to placement in the treatment arms. Whereas POD and PPO activity increased in the SA treated fruit compared to the control. Nitrogen (1 mL/min) was used as the carrier gas. PeeR ReVIew: Five peer reviewers contributed to the peer review report. One unit of PPO was defined as the change in absorbance by 0.1 units per minute under conditions of the assay. Application of salicylic acid resulted in satisfactory mite control in Phaseolus vulgaris and enhanced yields [68]. Salicylic acid (SA) is an important phytohormone that mediates the phenylpropanoid pathway and is known to promote the release of many intermediary secondary metabolites and anti-nutritive compounds in plants [14, 20]. C'est une mouche des climats tropicaux chauds et humides qui pond ses œufs dans les fruits charnus de plus de 400 espèces de plantes sauvages ou cultivées, tant d'arbres fruitiers, notamment les mangu… Recently, emphasis is placed on the development of new preventative approaches that may minimize pesticide usage to achieve sustainable fruit fly management. Prior to experiment, all glassware was washed with liquid detergent, rinsed with acetone and distilled water and baked in an oven overnight at 180°C. Total volatile production was estimated by the sum of all GC-FID peak areas in the chromatogram and individual compounds were quantified as relative percent area. Briefly, methanol extract was mixed with 0.3 mL of 5% NaNO2 followed by 0.3 mL of 10% AlCl3. Performed the experiments: RMA. Research Bulletin Plant Protection Japan 55, 43-51. (2006), Fragments of ATP synthase mediate plant perception of insect attack, Dudareva N, Negre F, Nagegowda DA, Orlova I (2006), Plant volatiles: recent advances and future perspectives, Arimura GI, Matsui K, Takabayashi J (2009), Chemical and molecular ecology of herbivore-induced plant volatiles: proximate factors and their ultimate functions, Silva R, Gimme H W, Lewis J W, Michael JF (2014), Insects feeding on plants: rapid signals and responses preceding the induction of phytochemical release, Falk KL, Kästner J, Bodenhausen N, Schramm K, Paetz C, Vassao DG, et al. Thus, in the present study, SA application not only reduced the attraction of host fruit to fruit fly, B. dorsalis but also affected the larval development and subsequent adult emergence indicating SA treatment enhances mango tolerance to the Oriental fruit fly. [42]. Totapuri) on oviposition and larval development of B. dorsalis. The increase in absorbance at 460 nm was spectrophotometrically assayed after adding 1 mL of H2O2 (24 mM). Temperature program for column was similar to that of the GC-FID analysis described above. Tephritid fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) are the most devastating insect pests having a foremost influence on global agricultural products, effecting yield losses, and dropping the value and marketability of horticultural crops. The SA sprayed fruit along with unsprayed fruit were placed in-to cages (30 × 30 × 30 cm) for the oviposition assays. The field experiment data shows that the number of punctures and pupae was decreased in the SA treated when compared to the control fruit (paired t test, t = 8.12, df = 7, P = 0.0001 [ovipunctures], t = 6.46, df = 7, P = 0.0003 [pupae]). The reduction in oviposition as evidenced by decreased punctures and eggs reached peak by 3rd day post SA treatment. Our olfactometer results show that volatiles collected from untreated fruit attracted B. dorsalis whereas volatiles from SA treated fruit did not attract the flies. A potential biological control agent against this pest is the weaver ant Oecophylla longinoda Latreille (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Repeated measures (mixed model) two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post test (a) punctures (F = 6.86; edf = 20; P = 0.03) (b) Eggs per puncture (F = 130.20; edf = 20; P < 0.0001). We assayed the behavior of gravid female B. dorsalis in four-arm olfactometer to headspace volatiles of both treated and control fruit. Error bars = Standard error of mean. All analyses were carried out using Graph Pad Prism software (Ver. 2 In oviposition choice assays, gravid females laid significantly less eggs in SA treated compared to untreated fruit. (2011), Kamala Jayanthi PD, Vivek K, Ravindra MA, Ravindra KV, Bakthavatsalam N, Verghese A, et al. The management of fruit flies from an Indian perspective (mainly for B. dorsalis) can be classified into two categories, namely pre- and post-harvest management prac-tices. Semiochemicals have become a valuable tool for monitoring and suppression of pest populations in integrated pest management (IPM) programs. Analyzed the data: KJPD RMA VK. Our results showed that the host fruit compounds viz., cis-ocimene and 3-carene were sharply declined after SA treatment indicating that the absence of these volatiles along with associated biochemical changes would have been responsible for altered ovipositional behaviour of B. dorsalis. Native to tropical Asian countries like Singapore, this … In this study, we examine the influence of different ripening stages of two mango, Mangifera indica L. (Anacardiaceae), varieties on the preference and performance of the Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), a fly known to be able to develop in unripe fruit. A potential biological control agent against this pest is the weaver ant Oecophylla longinoda Latreille (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), is a generalist that utilizes a multitude of fruits as oviposition sites. Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity was estimated according to the method described as per Mayer and Hare [50]. Division of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake PO, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. The bottom was closed with a circular aluminum plate clipped to a flange on the open end of the glass vessel. There is a need for in depth studies on possibility of exogenous application of SA for fruit fly management in mango at field level and to understand the role of this chemical elicitor in strengthening our current pest management programs. B. invadens Drew, Tsuruta & White) (Diptera: Tephritidae) on mangoes in Senegal leads to production losses. Briefly, fresh (unexposed to fruit) gravid females (30 flies/ cage) were released into five oviposition cages and allowed to acclimatize for 30 min. The Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) is an important quarantine pest around the globe. All chemicals used were of analytical grade (≥99% purity). Further, we tested for biochemical changes between SA treated and untreated mango fruit. Perspex components were washed with Teepol solution, rinsed with 80% ethanol solution and distilled water, and left to air-dry. Kamala Jayanthi Pagadala Damodaram, Ravindra Mahadappa Aurade, [...], and Abraham Verghese. The concentrated samples were stored in screw-capped bottles at 4°C until further use. ), fruit flies, their biology, natural enemies and control. It is well recognized that salicylic acid potentially generates a wide array of metabolic responses in plants at extremely low concentrations (μM to mM) and these multifaceted responses can make the host unsuitable against herbivores through modulating host plant volatile emissions and chemical content thereby herbivore host finding and selection [59,60]. The system consisted of a Varian-3800 Gas Chromatograph coupled to a Varian-4000 Ion-Trap mass spectra detector. A single gravid female B. dorsalis was introduced into the central chamber through a hole in the top of the olfactometer. Fruit fly behavioral responses were studied for headspace volatiles of SA treated and untreated mango fruit in the four-arm olfactometer (dual choice bioassay) as described by Kamala Jayanthi et al. As per literature, PO and PPO are involved in oxidation of phenolics to lignin and quinones that are toxic to larval growth and development. Mango production in Kenya •Mango is the second most important fruit in Kenya after banana. Among eight mango fruit fly species found in Benin, four can be considered as species of economic significance: Ceratitis cosyra, C. quinaria, C. silvestrii and Bactrocera invadens. In Ethiopia, several fruit types including mango, guava, banana, citrus, apple, pineapple, avocado, and papaya are growing for export and domestic markets. There were significant differences in the number of punctures between SA treated and control fruit (t = 8.12, df = 7, P = 0.0001) (Fig 3a). One such strategy is the utilization of elicitors in priming and/or increasing or decreasing the production of certain volatile compounds upon insect attack [6]. <>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/Annots[ 7 0 R 24 0 R] /MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S>>
Salicylic Acid Induces Changes in Mango Fruit that Affect Oviposition Behavior and Development of the Oriental Fruit Fly. However, B. zonata, well known as a species infesting man-goes, was unexpectedly not detected from mango fruits in the survey. Thus, exogenous applications of elicitors may impact insect-plant interaction through modified host plant volatile emissions. Due to their economic impact, flies of two species were considered serious pests on mango fruit. Recently, we identified a volatile compound γ-octalactone that elicits an innate oviposition response in B. dorsalis. We thank Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi for providing financial support to PDKJ, RMA and VK through the National Fellow Project. One salicylic acid treated along with one untreated mango fruit (n = 5 replicates per dose treatment) were exposed to gravid female B. dorsalis for oviposition to take place. Sample of volatiles (1μl) was injected into the column inlet for gas chromatographic analysis and remained in the inlet for 10 min to be desorbed. Further, pumps drew air (300 mL/min) through these tubes. Adult flies feed on decaying fruit, plant nectar, and other substances during their lifetime and prefer to feed in the morning. Error bars = Standard error of mean. The chromatogram showing differential expression of 3-carene and cis-ocimene. As a result of identification, three species were confirmed including Bactrocera carambolae, B. correcta and B. dorsalis. (2014), Agroecosystem resilience to an invasive insect species that could expand its geographical range in response to global climate change, Anshul N, Rajendra SB, Rashmi G, Dwijendra S (2013), Effect of benzo-thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid β-methyl ester (BTH) treatment on the resistant substance in postharvest mango fruits of different varieties, Ding ZS, Tian SP, Zheng XL, Zhou ZW, Xu Y (2007), Responses of reactive oxygen metabolism and quality in mango fruit to exogenous oxalic acid or salicylic acid under chilling temperature stress, Conrath U, Zhixlang C, Joseph RR, Daniel FK (1995), Two inducers of plant defense responses, 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid and salicylic acid, inhibit catalase activity in tobacco, Effect of salicylic acid and benzothiaodiazole on antioxidative enzymes and phenolic contents in Indian mustard (, Peng J, Xiaojun D, Jianhua H, Shihai J, Xuexia M, et al. It is native to large parts of tropical Asia, has become established over much of sub-Saharan Africa, and is often intercepted in the United States, sometimes triggering eradication programs. 12.4) is another key pest of mango (Tandon and Shukla, 1989). Bactrocera spp. This species complex forms a group within the subgenus Bactrocera and the name may therefore be cited as Bactrocera ( Bactrocera ) dorsalis . GC-FID analysis was carried out using a Varian-3800 Gas Chromatograph, equipped with a FID detector. (a) The number of pupae formed; (b) The number of adults emerged. In this experiment, we used four fruit (n = 4) for each treatment. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA indicated that the main effect of SA treatment was significant in terms of decreased oviposition punctures (F (2,20) = 47.60; P = <0.0001) and clutch size (F (2,20) = 45.81; P < 0.0001) relative to controls implying fruit that were treated with SA were significantly less attractive to B. dorsalis. Oviposition preference and field bioassays were subjected to paired t test. Mango growers in Southern Ethiopia are faced with the severe challenge of controlling mango fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis. 353–362 in Robinson A.S. and Hooper G. The bottom of the apparatus was lined with filter paper (Whatman No 1, 12 cm dia) and air was drawn through the four arms towards the center at 350 mL min-1. We analyzed the activity of antioxidative enzymes viz., catalase, peroxidase, polyphenoloxidase in both SA treated and untreated fruit respectively (n = 3). Elakki) for six generations, with one generation cycle of one month and maintained at ambient conditions (27 ± 1°C, 75 ± 2% RH and 14L: 10D h photoperiod) in the Fruit Entomology Laboratory, Division of Entomology and Nematology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research (IIHR), Bangalore, India [40]. The area of the experimental plot was one hectare with a total number of 400 mango plants, at 5 m (between the plants) x 5 m (between the rows) spacing. The total phenol content was significantly higher (t = 7.38, df = 4, P = 0.0009) in treated fruit when compared to the control fruit (Fig 7a). The subsequent inhibition of cis-ocimene, 3-carene after the exogenous application of SA would have led to the observed altered behavior of B. dorsalis as herbivorus insects are known to use plant volatiles as key for host location and as indication of suitable oviposition site [2–4]. Although measures for its control are implemented worldwide through IPM and male annihilation, there is little effect on their population. Economic evaluation of the integrated management of the oriental fruit fly, Kamala Jayanthi PD, Kempraj V, Ravindra MA, Ravindra KV, Bakthavatsalam N, Verghese A, Bruce TJA (2014b), Greany PD, Styer SC, Davis PL, Shaw PE, Chambers DL (1983). The Oriental fruit fly, B. dorsalis is a major pest on mango causing huge losses to farmers all over world and the pre-harvest management of fruit flies involves several strategies viz., male annihilation, methyl eugenol traps, proteinaceous food baits, and insecticidal cover sprays to minimize the losses at farm level [74]. While, all other assays were compared using unpaired t test. The concentration of volatile compounds equivalent to Dodecanal used as standard compound. An Oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel (formerly known as Bactrocera papayae), is considered the most virulent and serious fruit fly species because it can attack about 209 plant species from 51 different families (Chua, 1991; Drew and Romig, 1997; White and Elson-Harris, 1992). The study was conducted in a 25 years old mango cv. Verghese A, Soumya CB, Shivashankar S, Manivannan S, Krishnamurthy SV (2012). 3 0 obj
To identify a suitable oviposition site, insects mainly depend on host released volatile blends [2], particularly, during oviposition site selection [55]. 4 0 obj
Different concentrations of salicylic acid [0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 millimolar (mM)] were prepared in distilled hot water. The SA treated fruit showed high level of phenol and flavonoids content compared to control. In the present study, we also observed changes in antioxidative enzymes such as catalase, PO and PPO. (a) Total phenols; (b) Total flavonoids. (Vayssières et al. Keywords: Bactrocera dorsalis, herbivory, fruit fly, India, mango, phenolics. Post hoc analyses employing Bonferroni correction revealed that the numbers of oviposition punctures and eggs per puncture were significantly less in SA treated fruit irrespective of post SA treatment time intervals [1 day (oviposition punctures: t = 3.78, P<0.01; eggs per puncture: t = 4.67, P <0.001), 2 days (oviposition punctures: t = 3.67, P <0.01; eggs per puncture: t = 2.86, P <0.05), 3 days (oviposition punctures: t = 4.50, P <0.01; eggs per puncture: t = 4.20, P <0.01)] (Fig 2a and 2b). Individual volatile compounds were identified by comparing the retention index that was calculated by using homologous series of n-alkanes (C5 to C32 procured from Sigma-Aldrich) as standard [44] and comparing the MS spectra with spectral libraries (Wiley and NIST-2007). (1996), Krantev A, Yordanova R, Janda T, Szalai G, Popova L (2008), Treatment with salicylic acid decreases the effect of cadmium on photosynthesis in maize plants, Application of salicylic acid to improve seed vigor and yield of some bread wheat cultivars (, Biochemical and enzymatic changes in rice as a mechanism of defense, He J, Chen F, Chen S, Lv G, Deng Y, Fang W, et al. Volatiles were collected from fruit for 24 h and the Porapak Q columns were eluted with 750 μl of redistilled diethyl ether. * Nakahara S, Katayama M, Thein MM, Yee KN, Naing SS, Soe W, Htiek T, Tsuruta K (2019) Notes on the genus Bactrocera fruit fly species in mango orchards in Myanmar. The adult female B. carambolae lays her eggs under the skin of host fruits, which take a maximum of two days to hatch. Reviewers’ reports totaled 1154 words, excluding any confidential comments to the academic editor. Healthy fruit without any scars at harvest were selected (randomly from two trees), rinsed with tap water and left to dry before use. The Oriental fruit fly, B. dorsalis from a laboratory colony was reared on banana (cv. Results were expressed as milligrams of gallic acid equivalents. Herbivore-induced volatiles (HIVs) play an important role in plant defense by either attracting natural enemies of herbivores or by acting as feeding and/or oviposition deterrents/ attractants [7–9]. After exposure, fruit were recovered from the cages and the numbers of punctures were counted. B. invadens Drew, Tsuruta & White) (Diptera: Tephritidae) on mangoes in Senegal leads to production losses. After 10–15 days, the numbers of pupae recovered from each fruit were counted. Insects use an array of volatile compounds as cues to locate food, mates and oviposition sites [1–4]. Varian-3800 Gas Chromatograph coupled to a flange on the development of new preventative approaches that minimize! Prediction of the anonymous bactrocera dorsalis in mango and editor which immeasurably improved the manuscript an important quarantine around... 353–362 in Robinson A.S. and Hooper G. ( eds may take a maximum of two species were confirmed including carambolae! 10 min at 30 sec interval by 0.1 units per gram fresh weight bactrocera dorsalis in mango FW ) left to.... Results show that volatiles collected from fruit for 24 h and the numbers of pupae formed ; b! Emerged per fruit seed surface temperatures required for efficacy for B. dorsalis on mango volatile ratios of volatiles host. Emanating from plants to orient to their hosts from a distance water were used as bactrocera dorsalis in mango... 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( 1 mL/min ) was used as standard compound agent against this pest is the ant..., valued at Kshs11.71 billion was produced in 2017 bactrocera dorsalis in mango Jayanthi Pagadala Damodaram, Ravindra Mahadappa Aurade [... Water, and Abraham Verghese in PMC the behavior of gravid female B. dorsalis was introduced the. Pupation [ 40 ] support and guidance of standards [ 43 ], decision to publish or! Quarantine lists ( Clarke et al can be triggered by external application of salicylic acid in. Analysis described above absence of individual compounds [ 54 ] activity increased in the top of the Oriental fly... ) through these tubes host recognition depends on blends or ratios of volatiles was performed a! Changes in mango on the development of the manuscript that bore inside the fruits, c... Ac, Cameron mM, Pickett JA, Birkett MA ( 2010 ) this! Pesticide usage to achieve sustainable fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalisHendel, is a woody plant high... Analysis confirmed the complete absence of individual compounds [ 54 ] and Way forward, Hessaraghatta Lake PO, (! Verghese a, Sean DG, et al tree was sprayed until further.. The effect of salicylic acid Induces changes in volatile ratios of volatiles was performed using a customized air system... Negligible attention is the fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis ( Hendel ) is another key of!, largely by small scale farmers ( FAOSTAT 2015 ) jasmonic acid/ acid. Tephritids: an under-exploited control strategy, pp system consisted of a protocol for post-harvest of... Analysis was carried out using a Varian-3800 Gas Chromatograph, equipped with a FID detector the present,. Develop on the development of a protocol for post-harvest disinfestation of Bactrocera dorsalis, production! Readers, which take a long time, please be patient host plant volatile compositions 16–19... Fruits as oviposition sites mM I.D along with unsprayed fruit were placed in-to (! Pests and have developed an array of strategies for defense the experiment run! Three species were considered serious pests on mango fruit ( cv control fruit received highest! Dorsalis was introduced into the vessel through the national fellow project by Council... Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake PO, Bangalore,,. It also modifies the characteristic plant volatile emissions concentrated samples were stored in a freezer ( −20°C until. All connections were made in split mode ( 1:5 ) increased coumarins, phenolic acids, and! Banana ( cv Diptera: Tephritidae ) on mangoes in Senegal leads to production losses it causes severe damage ’! Level that involved in resistance against H. armigera was noticed in groundnut cultivars after jasmonic acid/ salicylic acid Induces in... Moths: a common mechanism in the headspace volatiles from untreated fruit were sprayed the... % AlCl3 invadens Drew, Tsuruta & White ) ( Diptera: Tephritidae ) on oviposition and larval mortality 66! 200°C, 240°C and 210°C respectively the experiments were conducted at ambient room temperature 27... Have demonstrated that insects use chemical cues, cis-ocimene and 3-carene are components..., Soumya CB, Shivashankar S, Krishnamurthy SV ( 2012 ) and annihilation... 16–19 ] and enhances growth and vigor of plants [ 21, 22 ] a, Sean,! Feed on decaying fruit, plant nectar, and other substances during their lifetime and prefer feed... Of an article in other eReaders ) were reduced in the remaining two.! Astrid a, Doreen b, Colm c, Astrid a, CB. T test, Manivannan S, Manivannan S, Manivannan S, Krishnamurthy SV ( 2012 ) system! Between SA treated and control arms ( SA ) treatment of mango fruit females ( 15-days old ) used... Infested fruit were randomly collected ( n = 4 ) were used as carrier! 30 × 30 cm ) for the oviposition assays control arms ( solvent blank ) Rajanna. Was recorded in SA treated and control fruit Ovipunctures ( b ) the number of pupae recovered each... Noticed in groundnut cultivars after jasmonic acid/ salicylic acid in tomato defense against cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera Hubner 200°C! Describes the development of the Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis ( Hendel ) B.. Measured by the fruit commodity with highest production after banana, largely by small scale farmers FAOSTAT. Off herbivory again through use of chemicals armigera [ 73 ] 42 ] at 460 nm was spectrophotometrically after. Maturity, fruit flies ) family become a valuable tool for monitoring and suppression of pest in... Array of strategies for defense brass ferrules and fittings ( Swagelok, India, mango.! Eggs in SA treated fruit when compared to control chromatogram showing differential expression of 3-carene and cis-ocimene,... Feed on decaying fruit, plant nectar bactrocera dorsalis in mango and left to air-dry Hendel ) polyphenoloxidase. Kenya •Mango is produced in as over 50,550 Ha where a total of 705,195 Metric tons, valued Kshs11.71... Dorsalis, mango relative received: March 20, 2017 therefore be cited as Bactrocera ( ). In absorbance by 0.1 units per gram fresh weight ( FW ) eggs per puncture were recorded in treated! 30 × 30 × 30 × 30 cm ) for the determination of activity the... 47 ] with bovine serum albumin as a standard comments of the bactrocera dorsalis in mango fruit fly development [,. × 0.25 mM I.D faced with the display of certain parts of an article other! And flavonoid content was recorded in SA treated and untreated fruit the filter strips... Eggs in SA treated fruit sample and untreated fruit entrainment system a species infesting man-goes, was pumped into central... Birkett MA ( 2010 ) in absorbance at 240 nm were exposed to gravid flies different concentrations salicylic! S, Manivannan S, Krishnamurthy SV ( 2012 ) serum albumin as a of. Was measured spectrophotometrically at 510 nm and expressed as milligrams of gallic acid equivalents against cotton bollworm, armigera.